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Saturday, February 13, 2010

Electric circuits
When various electrical components are connected together, they form a circuit.
For example, a circuit could consist of a switch to turn current flow on and off, a dry cell to provide energy, an appliance (eg. light bulb) and wires to connect the components.

Electrical circuits can be drawn using symbols.

There are two main types of circuits - series and parellel.
In series circuits, there is only one path for current to flow through, so if one bulb blows the rest also do not light up.

In parallel circuits, the electric current is divided into branches, and current is split up equally between each branch.If one bulb blows the other can still work fine.

An ammeter is used to measure current, and it must be connected in series with the circuit.

Potential difference

This is the amount of energy needed to move one unit charge of electricity from one point to another.
Potential difference is measured in volts, and the unit for it is (V).

A voltmeter is used to measure potential difference, little or no current goes thorugh it therefor it cannot be used to measure current.
It must be connected in parellel in the circuit.

The electric charges flow from a higher potential difference to a lower potential difference.

Resistance

Electric current does not flow smoothly throughout the whole circuit, as the components resist the flow of the electrons.This resistive force is called resistance. The unit for resistance is ohms.To calculate resistance, you can take V/I which is equals to R , resistance.

There are both fixed and variable resistors.
Fixed resistors have a fixed resistance value.
As for variable resistors or rheostats, the current can be varied, therefore varying the resistance.

Effects of an electric current

Electricity is a form of energy, and it can be converted to other types of energy.This makes our lives much more convenient.

Heating effect of a current

When a current passes through a wire, the wire heats up as caused by electrical energy being converted to heat energy.
Heating appliances have coils or heating elements, and they heat up when electricity passes through them. This heat is used for ironing, boiling, cooking,etc.

Lighting effect of a current

The heating effect of a current can lead to another effect, which is the lighting effect. In a light bulb, the heat generated is so great that the filament starts to glow and give out light, which is how a bulb lights up.


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